| 遣米使節とアメリカの酪農 The Japanese Mission to the U.S. and American Dairy Farming |
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| アイスクリーム Ice Cream アイスクリームを食べた初期の日本人たちとして、遣米使節一行の体験を紹介した雑誌です。東善寺で取材してゆきました。 This magazine introduces the experiences of the members of the Japanese delegation to the United States as early Japanese who ate ice cream. The author of the magazine visited Tozenji Temple to cover the events in the U.S. |
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| ▲ 「ＩＣＥ ＣＲＥＡＭ ＮＥＷＳ・アイスクリームニュース」 日本アイスクリーム協会 2006平成18年秋・216号 ICE CREAM NEWS Japan Ice Cream Association, Autumn 2006, Issue 216 |
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| ジョン万次郎やジョセフ彦などのように漂流してアメリカ船に救われた漁民の中に、すでにアイスクリームを食べている日本人がいると思われますが、記録に残っていません。 また、遣米使節より先にサンフランシスコに到着した咸臨丸一行も「土曜（西暦の3月17日）の夜に岸に上がり……、ホテルでキリスト教式の晩餐(ばんさん）をとりアイスクリームというぜいたく品を味わった…」（ニューヨークタイムズ1860年4月11日付）と、新聞にありますが、日本人の記録には見当たりません。 当時アメリカでもアイスクリームはめったに庶民の口に入らないぜいたく品だったことがわかります。 そういえば、こういう歌もありましたね （歌詞がちょっと不確かですが） ♬♬昔話の王子様でも 昔はなかなか食べられない アイスクリーム いまでは私が 召し上がる ……♪ It is likely that some of the fishermen who drifted ashore and were saved by American ships, such as John Manjiro and Joseph Heko, were already eating ice cream, but they have not been recorded. The Japanese people on the Kanrin Maru, which arrived in San Francisco before the Japanese envoys, "came ashore on Saturday night, March 17, 1860 and had a Christian dinner at a hotel ...... and tasted the luxury of ice cream," (The New York Times, April 11, 1860), but I could not find any information about this in the Japanese records. It is clear that even in the U.S., ice cream was a luxury item that rarely made its way into the mouths of the common people. Come to think of it, there was also a song like this (though the lyrics are a little uncertain). ♬♬ Even the prince in the old tale couldn't get enough ice cream. Now I'm eating it.......♪ ワシントン上陸 「（ワシントンへ上陸のための迎え船フィラデルフィア号の上で）……。又珍しきもの有、氷を色々に染め物の形を作是を出す。味は至てあまく口中に入るゝにたちまち解けて誠に美味なり。是をアイスクリンと云。是を製するには氷を湯にて柔らかくなし、其後物の形に入れ、また氷の間に入れ置く時は氷のごとくになると云。尤も右の氷をとかしたる時生玉子を入れざれば、再び氷らずと云。・・・・・・」（柳川兼三郎當清「海航日記」万延元年閏3月24日） Landing at Washington "(On the Philadelphia, the ship that picked us up for landing in Washington. ......) Another unusual item is ice, made into various dyed shapes and served. The taste is very sweet, and when it enters the mouth, it quickly melts away. This is called ice cream. To make it, the ice is softened in hot water, and then placed in the shape of an object, and when placed between the ice cubes, it is said to become just like ice again. If a raw egg is not added when the ice is melted, it will not ice again. ・・・・・・" ("Kaiko Nikki [Diary of Sea Travel]" by Kenzaburo Masakiyo Yanagawa, May 14, 1860 or March 24, Man'en 1 in Japanese calender) ウィラードホテルで 「（ワシントンのホテルウィラードに入って）……昼食遅く出、吸物鷄のソツフ（スープ）并カキ鱈魚鮫魚豚鶏牛にて種々製造せしもの、氷製（アイスキリーム・ルビ）の菓子等なり。氷製の菓子は氷を打砕き臼（うす）にて搗（つ）き色を染むる由、形状婦人の姿又は宝袋又者日本の薄皮もちの如く丸く拵（こしら）へ、猶氷中に入れ暫時に堅め製する由、器は何れも玻瓈（はり・ガラス）又は英仏の陶器に有之、……」頭注に「氷製の品をアイスクリウム、氷をアイス」とある（森田清行「亜行日記」万延元年閏3月2５日） At the Willard Hotel "(In the Willard Hotel, Washington,) ...... Lunch was served late with chicken soup, oysters, codfish, sharkfish, pork, chicken, beef, ice cream and others. The ice cream was made from crushed ice, pounded in a mortar and pestle and dyed in color, shaped like a lady, a treasure pouch, or a round shape like a Japanese usukawa-mochi rice cake with a thin skin. It is made by placing it in ice and hardening it for a while. The vessels are made of glass or English and French pottery...." The first note reads, "Ice cream is made of ice, and 'kori' is ice" ("Aiko Nikki [Diary of A Trip to the U.S.]" by Kiyoyuki Morita, May 15, 1860 or March 25, Man'en 1 in Japanese calender). 谷文一の絵 画家として随行した谷文一は、フィラデルフィア・コンチネンタルホテルの食卓に並んださまざまな料理をステッチし、その中に「アイスクリンム」を描いている（神奈川県立歴史博物館蔵） ワシントンのウィラードホテルでの晩餐メニュー（5月18日）▼にデザートとして「バニラアイスクリーム」が記載されています。 Bun-ichi Tani's Paintings As a painter, Bun-ichi Tani, who accompanied the Japanese envoys to the U.S., stitched various dishes on the dining table at the Philadelphia Continental Hotel and painted "vanilla ice cream" among them. (Collection of Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of History) Vanilla ice cream" is listed as a dessert on the dinner menu at the Willard Hotel in Washington, D.C. (May 18). ▼
▲ウィラードホテルのメニュー（東善寺蔵） ▲ Menu of Willard Hotel (collection of Tozenji Temple) |
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| 牛 東善寺で展示しているアメリカの新聞に、牛を観察スケッチする遣米使節の随行の日本人の絵（下の右）があります。この絵が衆議院憲政記念館の「怒涛の幕末維新特別展」（2008年11月）に出展されたところ、酪農関係の研究者が注目し、雑誌「ＤａｉｒｙＪａｐａｎ」2月号に紹介されました。 Cows In an American newspaper on display at Tozenji Temple, there is a drawing (below right) of a member of the Japanese delegation to the U.S. making an observational sketch of a cow. When this drawing was exhibited at the House of Representatives Constitutional Museum's "Special Exhibition on the Rage of the Bakumatsu Restoration" (November 2008), researchers in the dairy industry took notice of it, and it was introduced in the February issue of the magazine "Dairy Japan." |
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| ▲ Ｄａｉｒｙ Ｊａｐａｎ 2009平成21年2月号 矢澤好幸「人と乳の歴史 27」 ―遣米使節団が見てきた牛乳事情― "History of People and Milk 27" by Yoshiyuki Yazawa February 2009 issue - The Milk Industry in the U.S. as Seen by the Japanese Mission to the U.S. - |
▲ 牛をスケッチする日本人 フランクレスリー・イラスト新聞 1860年5月26日付 東善寺蔵 Japanese sketching a cow Frank Leslie Illustrated Newspaper, May 26, 1860. Collection of Tozenji Temple |
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| 関連ページ |
Related Pages |
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| ■世界一周の旅…世界一周をした最初の日本人 ■遣米使節の行程：日本人初の世界一周の行程表 ■遣米使節の旅コースを訪ねる：フィラデルフィア編 US cities the Japanese delegation visited in 1860: Philadelphia ■遣米使節の旅コースを訪ねる：ワシントン編：海軍造船所の正門はまだ存在していた US cities the Japanese delegation visited in 1860: Washington ■遣米使節の旅コースを訪ねる・ニューヨーク編：ブロウドウェイを途中から迂回して ■リーフレット『遣米使節三船』：教科書から咸臨丸を外すために Brochure "Three Ships That Carried the First Japanese Embassy to the United States Around the World" ■Bridge of Hope （English) … 小栗上野介の業績を紹介するＪＥＷＬ発行の書籍 ＪＥＷＬ（Japanese Executive Women's League） in Los Angeles introduces the achievements of Kozukenosuke Tadamasa Oguri in the book they published. ■大統領の記念メダル：使節と従者全員に金・銀・銅のメダルが贈られた ■世界一周をした名主・佐藤藤七：権田村名主が従者として世界一周 ■玉蟲左太夫：仙台藩士の見た世界は新鮮だった ■遣米使節小栗の従者：小栗忠順の従者９名 ■遣米使節従者・三好権三…島根の人だった ■遣米使節の業績・・・１本のネジくぎを持ち帰った小栗 ■遣米使節三船…ポウハタン号で渡米。咸臨丸ではない ■ブルック大尉：：咸臨丸が沈まなかったのはブルックとジョン万次郎のおかげ ■「咸臨丸病」の日本人：何でも勝海舟を出さないと気がすまない症候群 ■修身教科書が作った咸臨丸神話・・・国定教科書が教えた虚構 ■日の丸を国旗に決めた遣米使節…船印だった日の丸を国印に決めた ■トミーポルカ：アメリカで大人気となった少年通訳立石斧次郎の音楽 ■大統領の記念メダル：使節と従者全員に金・銀・銅のメダルが贈られた ■｢ポウハタン号の町・伊豆下田｣ ■帆船模型作家・岡崎英幸さんに感謝状…おかげで「遣米使節3船」がそろいました |
■ Journey Around the World: The mission to the United States and the first Japanese to travel around
the world, not taught in schools started by the Meiji government. They
were the first Japanese to go around the world with a purpose. ■ Itinerary of the Japanese Mission to the United States: The Itinerary of the first Japanese to go around the world ■ Visiting the course of the mission to the U.S. (Philadelphiai) ■ Visiting the course of the mission to the U.S. (Washington DC): The main gate of the naval shipyard still existed. ■ Visiting the course of the mission to the U.S. (New York): They bypassed the Broadway to continue the parade on the way to the hotel. ■ Leaflet in Japanese and English, "Three ships that carried the mission to the U.S. and around the world": We have made the leaflet to advocate removing the Kanrin Maru from school textbooks. ■ Bridge of Hope (English) ... JEWL (Japanese Executive Women's League) in Los Angeles praises the achievements of Kozukenosuke Tadamasa Oguri in the book they have published. ■ President's medals: Gold, silver, and bronze medals were presented to the envoys and all the followers. ■ Toshichi Sato, a village master who traveled around the world: Gonda village master traveled around the world as a follower of Kozukenosuke Tadamasa Oguri ■ Sadayu Tamamushi: The world that a Sendai clan samurai saw was fresh. ■ Oguri's Followers on the Mission to America: Nine Followers of Tadamasa Oguri ■ Gonzo Miyoshi, a follower of Tadamasa Oguri in the mission to the U.S.: He was from Shimane prefecture. ■ Achievements of the Japanese mission to the U.S.: Oguri brought back a screw nail. ■ Three ships for the Japanese mission to the U.S.: The USS Powhatan brought the mission to the U.S. by crossing the Pacific ocean and the Kanrin Maru was not used for the mission. ■ Captain John Mercer Brooke: The Kanrin Maru did not sink thanks to Brooke and John Manjiro. ■ Japanese people with the "Kanrin Maru disease": A syndrome that they feel uncomfortable unless they mention the Kanrin Maru and Kaishu Katsu in every occasion ■ The Kanrin Maru myth created by Shushin textbooks: The "story" of the Kanrin Maru was taught in the national textbook "Shushin" from 1918 to 1945, and it still confuses Japanese people. ■ The Japanese envoys to the U.S. decided to use the Hinomaru as the national flag: They chose the Hinomaru as the national flag of Japan, which was originally a ship's seal. ■ Tommy Polka: Music of Onojiro Tateishi, a boy interpreter who became very popular in the U.S. ■ Izu Shimoda, the town of the USS Powhatan ■ A letter of thanks to Mr. Hideyuki Okazaki, a model sailing ship artist: Thanks to him, we have three ships of the mission to the U.S. |
| ◇遣米使節一行一覧表（リンク） ◇『航米記』従者・木村鉄太の世界一周記 ◇遣米使節 世界一周の旅 ◇遣米使節 小栗忠順従者の記録 |
◇ List of the Japanese Delegation Members to the United States in 1860 (Link) ◇ “Kobeiki (Records of visiting the U.S.)” by Tetsuta Kimura, a follower of Tadamasa Oguri ◇ Book titled “The Records of Tadamasa Oguri’s Follower” by Taiken Murakami regarding the delegation to the U.S. in 1860 |
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