遣米使節三船
ポウハタン号　ロアノウク号　ナイアガラ号

The Three Ships of the Japanese Mission to go to the United States and around the world
The Powhatan, the Roanoke,and the Niagara

ポウハタン号
The Powhatan

◇ポウハタン号　Powhatan　2,400トン　＜江戸→ハワイ→サンフランシスコ→パナマ＞ ◇ The Powhatan 2,400 tons (Edo → Hawaii → San Francisco → Panama)

■1860（万延元）年１月２２日、横浜出港。北太平洋の暴風雨にもまれ、７７人の日本人は船酔いに苦しむ。ハワイで燃料を補給し、３月９日サンフランシスコ到着。先に到着していた護衛艦の咸臨丸と再会。１７日、サンフランシスコから日本に帰る咸臨丸と別れ、さらに南下してパナマまでこの船で送られた。2,400トン。船名の「Powhatan」はネイティヴアメリカンの酋長で、ディズニーの物語「ポカホンタス」の父の名前。この模型は、宮城県古川市在住の岡崎英幸氏が１９９９年３月制作完成したもの。 「遣米使節勝海舟が咸臨丸で太平洋を初めて横断した」という明治以来の日本人の誤解 を正すため、皆様からの募金を元に住職が依頼し岡崎氏が７ヶ月かけて制作した。東善寺所蔵。 ■ On Februay 13, 1860 (January 22 of Man'en 1 in Japanese calender), the ship departed from Yokohama. The 77 Japanese suffered from seasickness due to the stormy weather in the North Pacific. After refueling in Hawaii, the ship arrived in San Francisco on March 30, 1860 (March 9 of Man'en 1) and they were reunited with people on the escort ship, the Kanrin Maru, which had arrived earlier. On April 7, 1860 (March 17th of Man'en 1), they parted ways with the Kanrin Maru, which was returning to Japan from San Francisco, and were sent further south to Panama on this ship. The ship's name "Powhatan" is the name of a Native American chief and the father of the Disney story "Pocahontas." The model of the ship below was completed in March 1999 by Mr. Hideyuki Okazaki, a resident of Furukawa City, Miyagi Prefecture. There was a misunderstanding among Japanese people since the Meiji era that "Kaishu Katsu was the Japanese envoy to the U.S. and he was the first Japanese to cross the Pacific Ocean on the Kanrin Maru." To corresct this misunderstanding, the priest of the Tozenji Temple commissioned Mr. Hideyuki Okazaki to create this model over a period of seven months with donations from the public. The model is in the collection of Tozenji now.

■ポウハタン号 POWHATAN 小栗上野介ら遣米使節一行をアメリカへ運んだ米国軍艦　　 帆船模型：東善寺所蔵 1999平成11年小栗まつりで除幕披露 ■The POWHATAN U.S. warship that carried the Japanese envoys including Kozukenosuke Oguri to the United States Model of the sailing ship: Owned by Tozenji Temple, unveiled at the 1999 Oguri Festival
参考までに･･･ ほかにもポウハタン号の模型や、ポウハタン号を描いたステンドグラスや絵画が存在します For your reference, : there are also a model of the Powhatan, and stained glass and a painting depicting the Powhatan.
◇加藤素毛記念館の模型船 　　岐阜県下呂市金山町 制作：岡崎英幸氏（東善寺の紹介で制作していただきました） ◇ Model ship in the Kato Somo Memorial Museum, Kanayama-cho, Gero City, Gifu Prefecture It was created by Hideyuki Okazaki, whom Tozenji introduced to the museum.
◇ステンドグラス 横浜市の「横浜開港記念館」の２階窓にあります ◇ Stained glass window depicting the Powhatan Stained glass window on the second floor of the Yokohama Port Opening Memorial Hall depicts the Powhatan.
◇描かれたポウハタン号 下田では船腹の赤線から「赤筋のポウハタン」と呼ばれ、識別されていたそうです。　　下田の了仙寺 ◇ Painting depicting the Powhatan In Shimoda, the ship is called the "red-striped Powhatan" because of the red lines on its belly. Collection of Ryosenji Temple in Shimoda
◇描かれたポウハタン号　（古河市歴史博物館蔵） ◇The painted Powhatan (Koga Historical Museum, Koga City, Ibaraki Prefecture)

ロアノウク号

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　The Roanoke

◇ロアノウク号　Roanoke　3,400トン　＜アスペンウォール（パナマの反対・大西洋側の町・いまコロン）→（カリブ海）→ワシントン＞ ◇ The Roanoke, a 3,400-ton warship, sailed with the Japanese delagation on board from Aspenwall (today's Colon) of Panama to the Caribbean Sea then to Washington.

■パナマから大西洋側アスペンウオール（現在のコロン）へ汽車で出た一行は、米国軍艦ロアノウク号でカリブ海を渡って、ワシントンへ向かった。 (フランクレスリー・イラストレイテッド新聞 1860．5．26/東善寺所蔵) ＊ちなみに＊ 松浦玲著『勝海舟』（中公新書1997年）のＰ７１挿絵で「咸臨丸（アメリカの新聞にのったもの）」として使われているのは、この下記の「ロアノウク号の絵」です。 　明治六年から始まった学校教育で、遣米使節の話は、日本人初の太平洋横断をした勝海舟という虚説＊にすり替えて教えられ、その結果、使節が乗った船までも「勝海舟が乗った船」にすり替えられています。 ＊日本人初の太平洋横断は：支倉常長が1613(慶長１８)年に石巻〜メキシコ〜ローマへ渡り、その3年前には田中勝助がやはりメキシコへ渡っています。勝海舟・咸臨丸ではありません。 ■ After leaving Panama City by train to Aspenwall (today's Colon) on the Atlantic side, the delegation crossed the Caribbean Sea on the U.S. warship Roanoke and headed for Washington. Incidentally, on page 71 of "Kaishu Katsu" (Chuko Shinsho 1997) written by Rei Matsuura, there is an illustration as "The Kanrin Maru in an American newspaper," but, in fact, what is used there is this picture of the Roanoke. In the school education in Japan that started in 1873, the story of the delegation to the U.S. was replaced with the false story* that Kaishu Katsu became the first Japanese to cross the Pacific Ocean. Moreover, even the ship on which Kaishu Katsu boarded was replaced with the ship on which the delegation boarded. * The first Japanese to cross the Pacific Ocean was Tsunenaga Hasekura, who crossed from Ishinomaki to Mexico to Rome in 1613, and even three years before that, Shosuke Tanaka also crossed to Mexico. After all, the first Japanese who crossed the Pacific was not Kaishu Katsu and others on board the Kanrin Maru.

◇ロアノウク号　ROANOKE （フランクレスリーイラスト新聞　1860．5．26・東善寺蔵） ◇ The ROANOKE (Frank Leslie Illustrated Newspaper, May 26, 1860, owned by Tozenji Temple)	ロアノウク号に迎えられる使節一行 (フランクレスリー・イラスト新聞　1860.5．26・東善寺所蔵) The delegation being welcomed to the Roanoke (Frank Leslie Illustrated Newspaper, May 26, 1860, owned by Tozenji Temple)
▲完成した帆船模型ロアノウク号　　2005（平成１７）年５月小栗まつりで除幕披露 ▲ The completed sailing ship model Roanoke unveiled at the Oguri Festival in May 2005.

ナイアガラ号
The Niagara

◇ナイアガラ号 Niagara 4,800トン ＜ニューヨーク→ロアンダ（アフリカ）→ジャワ（インドネシア）→香港→江戸＞ ◇ The Niagara of 4,800 tons sailed with the Japanese delagation on board from New York to Luanda (Africa), Jave (Indonesia), Hong Kong and Edo. ▲帆船模型ナイアガラ号：岡崎英幸制作・2007（平成19）年5月27日小栗まつりで除幕・東善寺蔵 ▲ The model of the Niagara was created by Mr. Hideyuki Okazaki and unveiled at the Oguri Festival on May 27, 2007. It is owned by Tozenji Temple.

■米国海軍最新鋭のスクリュー船「ナイアガラ号」 帰国の途についた使節一行を、ニューヨークから大西洋〜アフリカ・ロアンダ〜インドネシア・ジャワ〜香港〜江戸まで運んだ。この絵は江戸品川沖に着いて使節一行が下船しているところ。 ■ The Niagara, a state-of-the-art screw ship of the U.S. Navy. The Niagara carried the delegation from New York across the Atlantic Ocean to Luanda (Africa), Java (Indonesia), Hong Kong, and Edo (Tokyo) on their way home. This picture shows the delegation getting off the Niagara after arriving off Shinagawa, Edo. 　　 　　　　▲ハーパーズウィークリー新聞（東善寺）（画像提供：アメリカ海軍資料局・ワシントン） 登檣礼(とうしょうれい・船員が全員マストに登って見送る最高の儀式）で見送っていることがわかる。 この時、英語では「Hip！　Hip！　Hooley！」（ヒップ！ヒップ！　フ−レー！）と三回声をそろえて叫ぶ。 ▲ Harper's Weekly Newspaper (owned by Tozenji, Image courtesy of the U.S. Naval Archives, Washington) We can see that the delegation is being seen off with the "Manning the yards," the highest ceremony in which all the sailors climb up the mast to see them off. At the time, they shouted together, "Hip! Hip! Hooley!" for three times.

咸臨丸をどかすと見えてくる、小栗上野介の渡米の業績 　 　　　　　米海軍軍艦三隻で世界一周 　遣米使節が、品川沖から太平洋を渡ってサンフランシスコ〜パナマまでポウハタン号で行ったことはかなり知られてきました。しかしこんどは、｢ポウハタン号で世界一周した｣という誤解も生まれていますので、「遣米使節が乗り継いで世界一周をした米艦3隻」の帆船模型を展示し、史実を伝えたいという趣旨です。 　　　　 　　　　史実としては、 ○パナマでポウハタン号を下りると汽車で大西洋側へ出て、ロアノウク号でアスペンウオール〜ワシントンへ上陸。 ○帰国はナイアガラ号でニューヨーク〜アフリカ〜インド洋〜インドネシア〜香港〜日本、というコースでした。 　遣米使節が150年前に世界一周していた歴史じたいが、明治以後は教えられていません。とくに、2010年は「遣米使節150年」の年となりますが、うっかりすると「咸臨丸１５０年」にすり替えられて、小栗上野介の渡米による業績がまた隠されてしまう恐れがあります。 Removing the Kanrin Maru reveals the achievements of Kozukenosuke Oguri in the U.S. The delegation went around the world aboard the three U.S. Navy warships: It is now well known that the Japanese delegation to the United States crossed the Pacific Ocean from off Shinagawa to San Francisco and then to Panama on the "Powhatan." However, there has been a misconception that they sailed around the world on board the Powhatan, so we wanted to convey the historical facts by displaying models of the three U.S. warships on which the delegation sailed around the world. 　　　　 The historical facts are as follows: ○ The delegation got off the Powhatan at Panama City, took a train to Aspen Wall, a town on the Atlantic Ocean side of the Panama isthmus, got on board the Roanoke, and landed at Washington. ○ To return to Japan, they got on board the Niagara at New York, crossed the Atlantic Ocean and traveled to Africa, the Indian Ocean, Indonesia, Hong Kong, and then to Japan. The history of the delegation's round-the-world trip in 1860 has not been taught in schools in Japan since the Meiji era. In particular, 2010 will be the 150th anniversary of the mission to the U.S., but unless we are careful enough, it may be replaced with the 150th anniversary of the Kanrin Maru, and the achievements of Kozukenosuke Oguri in the U.S. may be hidden again.

このページをご覧になったあなたは 咸臨丸を教科書からはずす会　の会員資格があります。 会員の責務：教科書から「遣米使節の説明に使われている（遣米使節が乗らなかった）咸臨丸の絵」をはずして、代わりに遣米使節のワシントン海軍造船所見学記念の写真を載せよう、と主張する。 会員の特典：「勝海舟は遣米使節ではない」「「勝海舟はサンフランシスコから帰った」「遣米使節は咸臨丸には乗らなかった」・・・などの知識をひけらかすことができます。 会費：無料 Reading this page, you are eligible for membership of the Association for Removing the Kanrin Maru from School Textbooks. Member's responsibility: Advocate removing the picture of the Kanrin Maru, which is falsely used to explain the Japanese mission to the U.S., from high schools’ history textbooks and supplementary readers, and putting the photo of the mission's visit to the Washington Naval Shipyard in its place. Member's privilege: You can reveal your knowledge such as "Kaishu Katsu was not an envoy to the U.S.," "Kaishu Katsu returned from San Francisco," "The mission to the U.S. did not board the Kanrin Maru," "The construction of the Yokosuka shipyard was conceived from Kozukenosuke Oguri's visit to the Washington Naval Shipyard," etc. Fee: Free

東善寺の帆船模型の制作は、宮城県大崎市・岡崎英幸さんが快く引き受けてくださいました。岡崎さんは世界的な帆船模型の作家で、そのすべて手作りの精巧な模型は、リアルな質感があり、見る人を魅了しています。小栗公の業績を伝える仕事になるなら、と献身的なお気持ちから引き受けてくださいました。一隻の制作に半年以上かかります。 Mr. Hideyuki Okazaki of Osaki City, Miyagi Prefecture, has graciously agreed to make models of the sailing ships for Tozenji Temple. Mr. Okazaki is a world-renowned artist of sailing ship models, and his elaborate models, all of which are handmade, have a realistic texture that fascinates viewers. He took on this project out of his devotion to the work of conveying the achievements of Kozukenosuke Oguri. It takes more than half a year to make a model of one ship.

関連ページ

Related Pages

■遣米使節の行程：日本人初の世界一周の行程表 ■遣米使節の旅コースを訪ねる：ワシントン編：海軍造船所の正門はまだ存在していた US cities the Japanese delegation visited in 1860: Washington ■遣米使節の旅コースを訪ねる：フィラデルフィア編 ■遣米使節の旅コースを訪ねる・ニューヨーク編：ブロウドウェイを途中から迂回して ■リーフレット『遣米使節三船』：教科書から咸臨丸を外すために Brochure "Three Ships That Carried the First Japanese Embassy to the United States Around the World" ■Bridge of Hope （English) … 小栗上野介の業績を紹介するＪＥＷＬ発行の書籍 ＪＥＷＬ（Japanese Executive Women's League） in Los Angeles introduces the achievements of Kozukenosuke Tadamasa Oguri in the book they published. ■大統領の記念メダル：使節と従者全員に金・銀・銅のメダルが贈られた ■小栗忠順の通貨交渉：フィラデルフィアで「ノー」といって進めさせた通貨実験は ■世界一周をした名主・佐藤藤七：権田村名主が従者として世界一周 ■玉蟲左太夫：仙台藩士の見た世界は新鮮だった ■遣米使節小栗の従者：小栗忠順の従者９名 ■遣米使節従者・三好権三…島根の人だった ■遣米使節の業績・・・１本のネジくぎを持ち帰った小栗 ■横須賀明細一覧図を読む…図から読み取れる産業革命の地横須賀 ■リーフレット『遣米使節三船』・・・教科書から咸臨丸の絵をはずすため（英語版も） 　　 ■｢ポウハタン号の町・伊豆下田｣ ■帆船模型作家・岡崎英幸さんに感謝状…おかげで「遣米使節3船」がそろいました ■トミーポルカ…アメリカで大人気となった少年通訳立石斧次郎の音楽 ■遣米使節とアメリカの酪農…初めてアイスクリームを食べ、牛を観察 ■Ｂｒｉｄｇｅ　ｏｆ　Ｈｏｐｅ（english)…ＪＥＷＬ発行の本で小栗上野介の業績紹介 ■世界一周の旅…世界一周をした最初の日本人 　　　咸臨丸 ■「木村摂津守喜毅は副使」「副使が乗る船が咸臨丸」という説の誤り…近年広まった副使説、根源はどこか ■咸臨丸病の日本人・・・何でも勝海舟と咸臨丸を登場させたがる症候群 ■ブルック大尉：咸臨丸が沈まなかったのはブルックとジョン万次郎のおかげ ◇シーマンシップとは(リンク・PDF)…ブルック大尉が日本人に伝えたシーマンシップ

■ Itinerary of the Japanese Mission to the United States ■ Visiting the course of the mission to the U.S. (Washington DC): The main gate of the naval shipyard still existed. ■ Visiting the course of the mission to the U.S. (Philadelphiai) ■ Visiting the course of the mission to the U.S. (New York): They bypassed the Broadway to continue the parade on the way to the hotel. ■ Leaflet in Japanese and English, "Three ships that carried the mission to the U.S. and around the world": We have made the leaflet to advocate removing the Kanrin Maru from school textbooks. ■ Bridge of Hope (English) ... JEWL (Japanese Executive Women's League) in Los Angeles praises the achievements of Kozukenosuke Tadamasa Oguri in the book they have published. ■ President's medals: Gold, silver, and bronze medals were presented to the envoys and all the followers. ■ Tadamasa Oguri's Currency Negotiations: The currency experiments that made Oguri say "No" in Philadelphia. ■ Toshichi Sato, a village master who traveled around the world: Gonda village master traveled around the world as a follower of Kozukenosuke Tadamasa Oguri ■ Sadayu Tamamushi: The world that a Sendai clan samurai saw was fresh. ■ Oguri's Followers on the Mission to America: Nine Followers of Tadamasa Oguri ■ Miyoshi Gonzo, a follower of Tadamasa Oguri in the mission to the U.S.: He was from Shimane prefecture. ■ Achievements of the Japanese mission to the U.S.: Oguri brought back a screw nail. ■ Reading the "Detailed Drawing of Yokosuka": We can read from the drawing that Yokosuka was the place of the Industrial Revolution in Japan. ■ Izu Shimoda, the town of the USS Powhatan ■ A letter of thanks to Mr. Hideyuki Okazaki, a model sailing ship artist: Thanks to him, we have three ships of the mission to the U.S. ■ Tommy Polka: Music of Onojiro Tateishi, a boy interpreter who became very popular in the U.S. ■ Mission to the U.S. and American Dairy Farming: The first Japanese to eat ice cream ■ Journey Around the World: The mission to the United States and the first Japanese to travel around the world, not taught in schools started by the Meiji government. They were the first Japanese to go around the world with a purpose. <Regarding Kanrin Maru> ■There have been false theories recently that "Settsunokami Yoshitake Kimura was a deputy envoy" and that "the ship on which the deputy envoy boarded was the Kanrin Maru." Where are the roots of them? ■ Japanese people with the "Kanrin Maru disease": A syndrome that they feel uncomfortable unless they mention the Kanrin Maru and Kaishu Katsu in every occasion ■ Captain Brooke: The Kanrin Maru did not sink thanks to Brooke and John Manjiro. ◇ What is Seamanship (PDF, Link)...Seamanship passed on to the Japanese by Captain Brooke

◇遣米使節一行一覧表（リンク） ◇『航米記』従者・木村鉄太の世界一周記 ◇遣米使節　世界一周の旅 ◇遣米使節　小栗忠順従者の記録

◇ List of the Japanese Envoys to the United States in 1860 (Link) ◇ “Kobeiki (Records of visiting the U.S.)” by Tetsuta Kimura, a follower of Tadamasa Oguri ◇ “The Records of Tadamasa Oguri’s Follower” by Taiken Murakami regarding the delegation to the U.S. in 1860