この他に副使に任ぜられたものはいないことを確認しておく。

The Shogunate appointed only one person, Awajinokami Norimasa Muragaki, as the vice envoy to the United States. The following is the content of the written appointment (the original is written vertically) .

September 13th, 1859
To: Buzennokami Shinmi, Awajjinokami Muragaki and Mataichi Oguri*
When we dispatch envoys to the U.S., please be advised that Buzennokami Shinmi will be the official envoy, Awajinokami Muragaki will be the vice envoy, and Mataichi Oguri (note*) will be the censor.　　　　　("Bakumatsu Ishin Gaiko Shiryo Shusei Vol. 1" Reigimon p. 235)

(note*: Bungonokami (later Kozukenosuke) Tadamasa Oguri was called Mataichi at the time.
It should be noted that no other person was appointed to the position of the vice envoy.

遣米使節 （使節団では、三使・三公と 呼ばれた） The envoys to the U.S. (In the delegation, they were called "the three envoys" or "the three dukes")

▲左から副使村垣淡路守範正・正使新見豊前守正興・目付小栗豊後守忠順 From left, the vice envoy Awajinokami Norimasa Muragaki, the official envoy Buzennokami Masaoki Shinmi, and the censor Bungonokami Tadamasa Oguri

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　- Order for exchange of treaty documents to Buzennokami Shinmi and Awajinokami Muragaki, both Forein Magistrates, and Mataichi Oguri, the censor

October 8, 1859 (September 13th, 1859 in Japanese calender)

Foreign Magistrate 　　　　Buzennokami Shinmi and Awajinokami Muragami
Censor 　　　　　　　　　 Mataichi Oguri

"I am sending you to the United States to sign this treaty, and you must prepare for it." 　　　
While Kamonnokami Naosuke Ii and elder council members were present in the Fuyo Room in Edo Castle, Shimousanokami delivered a message to them. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Thus, first, the three were told that they would be sent to the U.S. to exchange the treaty, and at the same time, the roles of the three were also announced as follows.

- Order of the three envoys　　
October 8, 1859 (September 13th, 1859 in Japanese calender)　　　　
Buzennokami Shinmi
Awajinokami Muragami
Mataichi Oguri

When we dispatch envoys to the U.S., please be advised that Buzennokami Shinmi will be the official envoy, Awajinokami Muragaki will be the vice envoy, and Mataichi Oguri will be the censor.

(“Bakumatsu Ishin Gaiko Shiryo Shusei Vol. 1” Reigimon)

御目付
　　　下知状案
一、今般本条約書為取替立会として亜墨利加國江被遣両国永世懇親之御主意厚相心得可申事
一、彼地滞在中諸般他邦江差響候義は雖些末之もの厚勘弁可致事
一、右御用中万事外国奉行江御任被成間心添いたし若奏論も候はば帰府之上
　　御国體を大切ニ存後来之御為深く勘弁し心添可申事
一、外国奉行取計向若如何と存儀於有之は無腹蔵申談筋合宜敷方ニ決着可致事
一、外国奉行病気其外万一意外之差支も有之節は其方儀壱人ニ而も御使可相勤事
　　　（外国奉行＝正使副使が病気など万一の時はその方が一人でもお使いを務めなさい）
　　右條々厚相心得外国奉行可申談もの也
　　　　　　　《『幕末維新　外交史料集成　第四巻』修好門　Ｐ21～22》

　In the proposed directive to the censor, the order was also directly conveyed to Mataichi (Tadamasa) Oguri as follows:
"If any of the official and vice envoys should become ill or suffer any other inconvenience, you shall serve as their deputy even by yourself."　 ("Bakumatsu Ishin Gaiko Shiryo Shusei Vol. 4" Shukomon, p. 21-22)


２人目，
さらに咸臨丸出帆直前〈安政七年一月九日〉に追加指令があって、木村摂津守喜毅（咸臨丸）が代理役を命じられている。

○新見豊前守外二人疾病等ニテ使節勤メ難キ節ハ代リテ使節タルベシト木村摂津守ニ指令
庚申正月九日
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　木村摂津守江
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　木村摂津守
　今度亜墨利加国江被遣候　御使之面々御用中若病気等に而何も差支え候節者其方御使相勤候心得に而可被罷在候
　　（このたびアメリカへ派遣される使節の面々（三使を指す）が病気などで支障が生じた場合はその方が使者を務めるつもりでいるようにしなさい）

2、An additional order was issued on January 31, 1860 (January 9, 1860 in Japanese calender) , just before the departure of the "Kanrin Maru," and Settsunokami Yoshitake Kimura who would go on board the Kanrin Maru was ordered to act as a deputy.

To Settsunokami Kimura:

In the event that any of the three envoys to be dispatched to the U.S. are disturbed by illness or other problems, you should be willing to serve as the envoy.

３人目、
２，と同時に追加指令で〈安政七年一月九日〉、勘定組頭森田岡太郎（ポウハタン号）が使節（三使）も木村喜毅も支障が生じた場合の代理役を命じられている。

◯同上云々　組頭森田岡太郎ニ演達スベシト勘定奉行ニ指令
　　庚申正月九日
　　　　　　　御勘定奉行江
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　御勘定組頭
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　森田岡太郎
　今度亜墨利加国江被遣候御使之面々並木村摂津守共御用中若病気等に而何も差支え候節者其方　御使相勤候心得に而可被罷在旨可被申渡候
　（このたびアメリカへ派遣される使節の面々（三使を指す）並びに木村摂津守も病気などで支障が生じた場合はその方が使者を務めるつもりでいる事を申し渡します）

3, An additional order was given to Okataro Morita (on borad the Powhatan), the head of the accountant group, to act as a deputy in the event of any trouble with either the three envoys or Yoshitake Kimura.

The order was given to Okataro Morita, the head of the accountant group, through the accounting magistrate on January 31, 1860 (January 9, 1860 in Japanese calender):

In the event that the three envoys to the United States and Settsunokami Kimura are unable to carry out their duties due to illness or other reasons, you are hereby informed that you will serve as their deputy.


◆以上を総合すると、幕府は

１，正使・副使に支障が生じた場合は目付小栗又一が代わって任務を果たすよう指示している。〈安政六年九月十三日〉
２、三使（正使・副使・目付）共に病気等で不都合が生じた場合は、（咸臨丸の）軍艦奉行木村摂津守喜毅がその代理を務めること。〈安政七年正月九日〉〉
３、三使（ポウハタン号）も木村摂津守喜毅（咸臨丸）も支障が生じた場合は勘定組頭森田岡太郎（ポウハタン号）がその代理となることを指示している。〈安政七年正月九日〉

◆Taken together, the Bakufu's instructions were as follows:

1. In case the Official and Vice Envoys had any difficulty in performing their duties, (Kozukenosuke Tadamasa) Mataichi Oguri , the Censor, was instructed to fulfill the duties in their stead.
2. It is instructed that in the event of illness or other inconvenience to the three envoys (the Official Envoy, Vice Envoy and the Censor) Settsunokami Yoshitake Kimura, the Warship Magistrate, on board the Kanrin-maru, should act in their place.
3. It is instructed that in the event of any difficulty in the performance of duties by either the three envoys aboard the Powhatan or Settsunokami Yoshitake Kimura on board the Kanrin Maru, Morita Okataro, the head accountant on board the Powhatan, will act in their place.

　＊１，２，３，いずれも副使という正式な職名は与えていない。
　　
　　代理だから副使と同等＝副使、とする論理は「副使にしたい」だけの後世の無理な話。もしこの論理が通るなら、１，２，３の順序でまず小栗忠順が副使と言えることになる。

　＊咸臨丸は当初は江戸－サンフランシスコ－パナマまで随行することになっていたから、２，の指令はパナマまでの太平洋上で判断・実行すべきことであって、国書も批准書も持っていない木村喜毅の立場ではパナマ以降は無効となる。
　＊２，３の追加指示が一月十三日咸臨丸出港直前の一月九日に発せられていることから考えると、あくまでも往路の太平洋横断航海中の不慮の事故を想定して、付け足しのように急遽発令されたもので、当初からの計画的なものとは言いがたい。

　＊多くの書籍やHP・ブログで「木村摂津守喜毅が副使」「副使が乗る船が咸臨丸」としているのは誤りと言える。

From the above we know the following:

- Neither *1, 2, nor 3 gave the official title of "deputy envoy." The logic that "deputy envoy" is equivalent to "vice envoy" because he is a deputy is an impossible story of a later generation that only "wants to make him a vice envoy." If this logic holds true, then Tadamasa Oguri can be said to be a deputy envoy in the first place.

- The Kanrin Maru was originally scheduled to accompany the ship from Edo to San Francisco to Panama. Therefore, the 2，'s directive should be judged and executed in the Pacific Ocean up to Panama, and that directive would be invalid after Panama in the position of Yoshitake Kimura, who had neither the national letter nor the ratification letter.

- Additional instructions 2 and 3 were issued on January 9, just prior to the departure of the Kamrin Maru on January 13. Considering this, they were issued hastily as an addendum in anticipation of an unexpected accident during the outward trans-Pacific voyage and it is difficult to say that they were planned from the beginning.

- Based on the above, we can say with certainty that many books, websites, and blogs err in stating that "Settsunokami Yoshitake Kimura was the vice-envoy" and "the ship on which the vice envoy boarded was the Kanrin Maru."

　■始まりは
　1960昭和35年、遣米使節100年記念式典が行われた時の参列者名簿にある木村喜毅の肩書は「軍艦奉行」であって副使とは書かれていない。式典には木村摂津守喜毅の子孫しづ氏が参列している。「木村喜毅が副使」説はこの昭和35年以後に生まれ、近年に広まったと思われる。

■ The Beginning 　

In 1960 (Showa 35), when the ceremony commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Japanese mission to the U.S. was held, the title of Settsunokami Yoshitake Kimura on the list of attendees was "Warship Magistrate" but not "Vice Envoy." Shizu, a descendant of Kimura, attended the ceremony. The theory that "Yoshitake Kimura was a vice envoy" seems to have been born after 1960 and spread in recent years.

■なぜ
　1961昭和36年に『遣米使節史料集成』が発刊され、そこに収められた史料、とくにブルック大尉の「咸臨丸日記」から咸臨丸の実態が知られて、

　戦前の修身教科書の
　「勝海舟の願いで派遣されることになった咸臨丸」
　「日本人だけで太平洋横断航海をした偉業・壮挙」
　「航海中立ち続けてみんなを励ました勝海舟」
という勝海舟・咸臨丸の勇ましいイメージ（虚構）が覆ることになった。

■Why? 　
In 1961 (Showa 36), the "the Historical Records of the Japanese Delegation to the U.S. in 1860 (the First Year of the Man'en Era)" was published, and the actual condition of the Kanrin Maru became known from the historical documents contained in the book, especially  Captain John Mercer Brook's "Kanrin Maru Nikki (Diary of Captain Brook)."

As a result, the following heroic images (fictions) of Kaishu Katsu and Kanrin Maru in prewar Shushin textbooks were overturned:
"The Kanrin Maru was dispatched at the request of Kaishu Katsu." 　
"The voyage across the Pacific Ocean was a feat and a grand accomplishment only by Japanese."
"Katsu Kaishu stood and cheered everyone on throughout the voyage."　

　もともと「修身」には虚構の「お話」が含まれるから、歴史ではない。戦後に咸臨丸のメッキがはがれただけのこと。以来50年以上経過して周知され、近年のテレビや映画で勝麟太郎が咸臨丸で活躍する画面が出てこないのも、理由は同じで、描けなくなったからである。

　昭和35年以前の書物に「木村喜毅の副使説」は見られないから、戦前の修身教科書で作られたイメージが覆った咸臨丸・勝海舟の再格上げ復権を図る動きとして出てきたものと推測される。
　
Originally, the Shushin Textbooks contained fictional "stories," so not all of them were history, and it was only after the war that the fictional stories of Kanrin Maru were exposed. The same reason why there are no screens of Rintaro Katsu playing an active role on the Kanrin Maru in recent TV dramas and movies is because it is no longer possible to depict the story. 　

Since "the theory of Yoshikatsu Kimura was the deputy envoy" is not found in any books written prior to this, it is assumed that it came out as a movement to re-upgrade and reinstate the image of the Kanrin Maru which had been overturned.

たとえばこの本
『咸臨丸海を渡る』土居良三（未来社1992平成2年）（中公文庫１９９８）　と
『軍艦奉行木村摂津守』土居良三（中公新書１９９４平成６年） に

For example, let's take a look at the following books:
"Kanrin Maru Umi-wo Wataru (Kenrin Maru crossing the Pacific ocean)" by Ryozo Doi (Miraisha 1992 Heisei 2) (Chuko Bunko 1998)
"Warship Magistrate Settsunokami Kimura" by Ryozo Doi (Chuko Shinsho 1994, Heisei 6).

文中で 「正使に万一の支障があった場合、代るべき副使を乗せるための船という名目で、その副使に軍艦奉行を当てることとした」 「別船に乗る副使」 「別船を副使の乗る船としたのは・・・」 「正式に遣米副使として咸臨丸に搭乗」 　　　…としているのが初出と思われる。 The following sentences appear in the books: "It was decided that in the event that the offiial envoy was disturbed, the warship magistrate would replace him as the deputy envoy, and the Kanrin Maru would be used in the name of a ship to carry the deputy envoy." "Vice engoy on a different ship" "The reason why another ship was designated as the one on which the vice envoy would board was..." "He officially boarded the Kanrin Maru as a deputy envoy to the U.S." This was probably the first time the term "vice envoy" was used in reference to Settsunokami Kimura.

▲『軍艦奉行木村摂津守』中公新書平成６年 "The Navy Ship "KIMURA" "KETSU MORI" Nakagong Shinsho" Heisei 6 years

　著者は木村喜毅の従者長尾幸作の子孫というが、好著と言われる同書になぜこのような記述をしたのだろう。

　さらに、同書には軍艦奉行木村喜毅が「遣米使節に任ぜられた」として次のような記述もある。

　　　「11月24日、江戸城内桔梗の間において、木村図書に遣米使節を命ずる式が行われた。「木村日記」には
　　　次のように記されている。
　　　　　　掃部頭御老中方列座、和泉守殿左之通り仰せ付けられ候
　　　　　　　　　　　　　亜墨利加國江為御用被差遣候間可致用意候　」

　これは、「アメリカへ御用のため派遣するから用意しなさい」とあるだけで、「遣米使節に任じる」命令形式とはいえない。もし木村喜毅を遣米使節あるいは副使に任じたという公式文書があるなら正式にここに示すべきであろう。
The author is said to be a descendant of Kosaku Nagao, a follower of Yoshitake Kimura, but why did he make such statements in the books, which are said to be good books? 　

Furthermore, one of the books also mentions that Yoshitake Kimura, Warship Magistrate, was "appointed as an envoy to the U.S.," witht the following words: 　　　

On November 24, a ceremony was held in the Kikyo Room in Edo Castle to order Zusho (Settsunokami Yoshitake) Kimura to serve as an envoy to the United States. The "Kimura Diary" contains the following entry:
"While Kamonnokami Naosuke Ii and other senior officials attended the meeting, Izuminokami gave the following order: 　　　　　　　　　　　　　I am sending you to the United States on an errand, and you must prepare for it." 　

This is not a form of order to "appoint an envoy to the U.S.," because it merely says, "I am sending you to the U.S. on an errand, so be prepared. If there is an official document that states Yoshitake Kimura was appointed as an envoy or deputy envoy to the U.S., it should be officially indicated here.

つづいてこの本
　そのことについて「身内が木村喜毅の子孫」という宗像善樹著『咸臨丸の絆』（海文社・2014平成26年）では　↓

Also, let's take a look at the following book:
"Kanrin Maru no Kizuna (The bond of Kanrin Maru)" (Kaibundo, 2014 Heisei 26) by Yoshiki Munakata: The author claims that "My relatives are descendants of Yoshitake Kimura."

会話体で ・「上様におかれては、木村図書に特別の思し召しがおありでござる。それは…別船を仕立て、副使の木村図書を軍艦奉行として差し遣わし、彼の地へ向かわせよ、との御沙汰である」（p6） ・「これはポウハタン号に搭乗する正使に病気や不測の事態が生じ、アメリカワシントンへ上ることが叶わざるときは、副使の木村図書が正使となりアメリカ大統領に謁見いたすべし、と御内意によるものでござる。しこうして、木村喜毅は副使といえども正使の新見と同格の御役目を担うことになるゆえ、さよう心得られたい」（ｐ７） It is written in a conversational style as follows: "The Shogun has a special intention for Zusho (Settsunokami Yoshitake) Kimura. That is... to send a separate ship to America, with Zusho Kimura , a vice envoy, on board as the Warship Magistrate." (p. 6). "This is in accordance with the secret order that in the event of illness or other unforeseen circumstances preventing the official envoy's travel to Washington, D.C., Zusho Kimura, a vice envoy, should serve as the official envoy and be granted an audience with the President of the United States. In this way, Yoshitake Kimura, even though he is a deputy envoy, will assume the same level of responsibility as Shinmi, the official envoy, so please be aware of this." (p7)

…として将軍家茂の内命があったと記述しているが、創作会話の中でのフィクションは史実ではない。
　＊この本の帯で 歴史ドキュメントとしているが、創作会話が入っていてはドキュメントとはいえない。フィクションとすべきである。

　このような人事は思わせぶりに「御内意（内命）」などと隠し立てする内容ではない。上記小栗又一が任命された例のようにむしろほかの使節たちが前もって承知しているべきことだから、公式指令が出されている。
「副使」に任命したという公式文書がないのでは「木村喜毅が遣米使節副使」説は成り立たない。

Thus, it describes that there was an unofficial order from Shogun Iemochi, but fiction in a creative conversation is not historical fact. 　

*The wrapper band of this book refers to it as a historical document, but it cannot be called a document because it contains creative conversations. It should be considered fiction. 　

This kind of personnel appointment is not something that should be concealed under the guise of "secret order." As in the case of Mataichi (Kozukenosuke Tadamasa) Oguri's appointment above, the other envoys should have been aware of the situation in advance, and an official directive should have been issued. In the absence of an official document stating that Kimura was appointed as "deputy envoy," the theory that "Yoshitake Kimura was the deputy envoy to the U.S." does not hold water.

　ついでにいえば、本書文中で
　「小栗が…代表と見られた」
という錯誤の文章は、古いウィキペディア「小栗上野介」記事からの転用であろう。正使新見豊前守正興も副使村垣淡路守範正も外国奉行として外国人との折衝を度々経験しているから、この文章はあたらない
　
また
　「勝麟太郎が『帰国するときもアメリカ人の手助けが必要だ』といいだして、５名を雇って帰国した…。」
としているが、出発の前々年安政五年九月に案内役の米人を雇う話は始まっていて、前年安政六年十二月段階で「帰国の際も米人を雇う」ことが決まっていた。勝麟太郎とは無関係な話を勝麟太郎の功績に仕立てている。

　とはいえ本書は、木村喜毅の温厚真摯な人柄に接して心酔するようになった福沢諭吉との「絆」がいきいきと描かれた好著。 　　　　

...　Incidentally, there is the following sentence in the text of this book:
"Oguri was seen as ... the official representative."
This seemingly erroneous sentence is probably a diversion from the old Wikipedia article "Kozukenosuke Oguri." This statement is not true, since both Buzennokami Masaoki Shinmi, the official envoy, and Awajinokamii Norimasa Muragaki, the deputy envoy, experienced frequent negotiations with foreign nationals as foreign magistrates. 　

There is also the following sentence:
"Rintaro (Kaishu) Katsu said, 'We need Americans' help when we return home too,' and they hired five American men to help us return home..."

However, the plan to hire Americans to serve as guides had already been discussed in September of 1858 (Ansei 5), two years prior to the sailing to the U.S. and as of December of 1859 (Ansei 6), the previous year, it had been decided that "Americans would also be hired when they return to Japan." This is a story that has nothing to do with Rintaro Katsu, but is made out to be his achievement. 　

Nevertheless, this is a good book that vividly describes the "bond" between Yoshitake Kimura and Yukichi Fukuzawa, who came to be fascinated by Kimura's warm and sincere personality.