遣米使節関連(東善寺HP) ●● 「木村摂津守喜毅は副使」「副使の乗った船が咸臨丸」説は誤り Related to the Japanese envoys to the U.S. (Tozenji Temple) ●● The theories that "Settsunokami Yoshitake Kimura was a vice-envoy" and "the ship on which the vice envoy boarded was the Kanrin Maru" are incorrect. |
「(咸臨丸軍艦奉行)木村摂津守喜毅は副使」説や 「副使の乗る船が咸臨丸」 ・・・という説は誤り The theories that "Settsunokami Yoshitake Kimura (the Warship Magistrate in charge of the Kanrin Maru) was a vice envoy" and "The ship which the vice-envoy boarded was the Kanrin Maru" are both false. |
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*はじめにお断りしておくが、木村摂津守喜毅は人柄・挙措動作・人格いずれも尊敬に値する武士で、咸臨丸が北太平洋で沈まなかったのはブルック大尉・ジョン万次郎及び、二人を乗船させることに苦心してこぎつけた木村摂津守喜毅のおかげであり、咸臨丸ではこの三人がさわやかな物語を展開している。 以下は、後世の人が「史実を曲げてことを論ずる」のは将来に歴史を誤る恐れがあると考え、公開します。 * I would like to state two things at the outset. Settsunokami Yoshitake Kimura was a samurai worthy of respect in terms of character, behavior, and personality. Also, it was thanks to Captain Brooke, John Manjiro, and Settsunokami Kimura who took great pains to bring them on board that the Kamrin Maru did not sink in the North Pacific Ocean. The story of these three men on the Kanrin Maru is a refreshing one. I publish the following because I believe that future generations "bending historical facts to discuss things" could lead to historical errors in the future. 近年、「木村喜毅は副使」あるいは「正使はポウハタン号で、副使の乗る船が咸臨丸」とする説が、いくつかの書やHP・ブログで見られるようになりました。これも咸臨丸病の一つと思われます。 In recent years, several books, websites, and blogs have come up with the theories that "Yoshitake Kimura was a vice envoy" and "the official envoy got on board the Powhatan, and the ship on which the vice-envoy boarded was the Kanrin Maru." These are thought to be some examples of the Hanrin Maru diseases. |
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◆例えば For example, |
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咸臨丸乗組員の子孫という著者の ・「軍艦奉行木村摂津守」土居良三(中公新書1994年平成6年) ・『咸臨丸海を渡る』土居良三(未来社1992年平成2年)(中公文庫1998年)…「木村喜毅は副使」「副使が乗った船が咸臨丸」説の根源はこの本か・第6回和辻哲郎文化賞が泣く錯誤。この書以前に「木村喜毅は副使」説は見つからない。 The following books were written by a person who is a descendant of the Kamrin Maru crew. - "Warship Magistrate Settsunokami Kimura"by Ryozo Doi (Chuko Shinsho 1994, Heisei 6) - "Kanrin Maru Umi wo Wataru (Kanrin Maru Crossing the Pacific Ocean)" by Ryozo Doi (Miraisha 1992 Heisei 2) (Chuko Bunko 1998): This book seems to be the root of the theories that "Yoshitake Kimura was a vice envoy" and "the ship on which the vice envoy boarded was the Kanrin Maru." Before this book, I have not been able to find the theory that "Yoshitake Kimura was a vice-envoy." If so, it would be an error that would tarnish the 6th Watsuji Tetsuro Cultural Award the book received. ・『咸臨丸の絆』宗像善樹(海文堂2014平成26年)・・・『軍艦奉行木村摂津守』を参照したらしく 「木村喜毅が副使…」 「遣米副使…」 「木村は副使といえども正使の新見と同格の御役目……」 として格上げを図っている。「身内が咸臨丸乗組員の子孫」という著者も 最近その誤りを認め、図書館協議会選定図書となっていたのを辞退している。 "The Kizuna of the Kanrin Maru,"by Yoshiki Munakata (Kaibundo 2014 Heisei 26) ... The author seems to have referred to "Gunkan Bogyo Settsunokami Kimura" and upgraded Kimura with the following words: "Yoshitake Kimura was the vice envoy..." "Vice envoy to the U.S...." "Kimura, even as a vice envoy, is of the same rank as Niimi, the official envoy. ......" Recently, the author, who says that his relatives are descendants of the crew of the Kanrin Maru, has acknowledged the errors and declined to have the book selected by the Library Council. ブログでは ・「清く美しい流れ-日本人の生き方を取り戻す-」田口佳史(PHP出版)…「遣米副使として……」遣米使節団と咸臨丸一行を混同しているように読める部分がある。
・木村芥舟(ウィキペディア)…「木村は咸臨丸の司令官として遣米副使を命じられ…」 ・木村摂津守喜毅(ニコニコ大百科)…「遣米使節副使として渡海航海…」「副使は日本で別の船を仕立てて送り出すことにした。それが咸臨丸……」 ・「江戸散歩」(クリナップ)…「なお、副使は咸臨丸の木村摂津守喜毅だった」 本当の副使村垣淡路守範正をまったく無視している記述。 ・「史跡訪問の日々」…「木村は副使として…」 ・国際派日本人養成講座…「咸臨丸に乗り組む副使として任命されたのが…木村摂津守喜毅」 ・「ハワイスペシャリスト検定公式ガイド」(エイ出版社)…「使節団副使の木村摂津守喜毅」。その他は要点をわかりやすくまとめてあり、ハワイを知るのに良い検定ページ。 ・山口県医師会報… …この他ブログにもたくさん見受けられます。 咸臨丸子孫の会のHPには「木村摂津守喜毅が副使」という記述はありません。 In blogs, we can find wrong descriptions as follows: - "A Clear and Beautiful Stream - Restoring the Japanese Way of Life" by Yoshifumi Taguchi (PHP Publishing): "As a vice envoy to the U.S. ......" There are parts that read as if the author confuses the Japanese delegation to the U.S. and the Kamrin Maru group. - Kaishu (Settsunokami Yoshitake) Kimura (Wikipedia): "Kimura was ordered to serve as a vice envoy to the U.S. as the commander of the Kanrin Maru..." - Settsunokami Yoshitake Kimura (Nikoniko Encyclopedia): "He sailed to sea as a vice envoy to the United States..." "The vice envoy decided to prepare another ship in Japan and send it out. That is the Kanrin Maru. ......" - "In the Days of Visiting Historic Sites": "Kimura served as a vice envoy to..." - Kokusaiha Nipponjin Yosei Koza (International Japanese Training Course): Settsunokami Yoshitake Kimura was appointed as the vice envoy aboard the Kanrin Maru. - "The Official Guide to Hawaii Specialist Certification" (Ei Shuppansha): "Settsunokami Yositake Kimura, vice envoy of the Mission." Other than this, it summarizes the main points in an easy-to-understand manner, and is a good certification page for learning about Hawaii. - Yamaguchi Prefectural Medical Association Bulletin :... There are many more wrong descriptions on other blogs. By the way, there is no mention of "Settsunokami Yoshitake Kimura as a vice envoy" on the website of the Society of Kanrin-maru Descendants. |
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◆実際はどうなのか What was it really like? |
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正式な遣米使節(正使・副使・目付)の任命はすでに上記11月の木村摂津守喜毅より2ヶ月前の1859安政六年九月十三日に芙蓉の間において行われていて、次の記録で目的も役割・職名も明確に判明する。 己未九月十三日 外国奉行 ◯右三名ニ使節の命令書 ・幕府が遣米使節副使として任命したのは村垣淡路守範正ひとりだけ。
- Order for exchange of treaty documents to Buzennokami Shinmi and Awajinokami Muragaki, both Forein Magistrates, and Mataichi Oguri, the censor |
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◆臨時代理は三名いた ◆There were three candidates for temporary representatives. |
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では 「木村摂津守喜毅は使節に万一の時の代理役だから副使と同格」とする説 はどうか。 万一の時の代理役については上記三使任命の後追加指令があって、結局三名の臨時代理が指名され、その順序は次の1,2,3となる。 Then, what about the theory that "Settsunokami Yoshitake Kimura was supposed to act as a deputy in the event that something should happen to the envoys, so he was the same rank as a vice envoy"? After the appointment of the three envoys, additional orders were issued for deputies in the event that something should happen to the envoys, and eventually three candidates for temporary deputies were nominated, in the following order: 1, 2, and 3. 1人目、 「目付小栗又一は正使・副使に支障があった時は一人でも代行すべし」 という下知があった。 ◯外国奉行下知状案 …まず、(外国奉行の)正使副使にその旨を伝え 奉行 御下知状案 一、今般本条約書為取替亜墨利加國江被遣一條両国永世懇親之御主意厚相心得可申事 一、彼地滞在中諸般他邦江差響候義は雖些末之事厚勘弁可致事 一、右御用中万事其方共江御任被成間 御国體を大切ニ存後来之御為深く勘弁致し取計可申事 一、其方共之内病気其外万一意外之差支有之節は又一儀壱人に而も御使可相勤事 (その方たちもし病気など万一の支障がある時は、(小栗)又一が一人でもお使いを務めなさい) 1, There was an order that "The censor Mataichi Oguri should act solely on behalf of the official and vice envoys when they are unable to carry out their duties." In the proposed directive to foreign magistrates, who would be the official and vice envoys to the U.S., there was a sentence which read as follows: "If any of the envoys should become ill or suffer any other inconvenience, Mataichi Oguri shall be their deputy representative." ◯目付下知状案 …続いて目付小栗忠順本人にも直接伝えている。 御目付 |
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◆「木村喜毅が副使」説の始まりはいつ、なぜー When and why did the theory that "Yoshitake Kimura was a deputy envoy" begin? |
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■始まりは
著者は木村喜毅の従者長尾幸作の子孫というが、好著と言われる同書になぜこのような記述をしたのだろう。
…として将軍家茂の内命があったと記述しているが、創作会話の中でのフィクションは史実ではない。 |
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【参考】 ◆正式な遣米使節(正使・副使・目付の三使)の任命は [Reference] ◆ How was the official appointment of the three envoys to the U.S. done? |
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■木村喜毅は遣米使節副使ではない 確かに、木村喜毅の日記『奉使米利堅紀行』(遣米使節史料集成第四巻)には使節代理を命じられている次の文がある。 「此頃閣老より命ありて、使節の内若病疾等にて差礙(さしさわり)ある時ハ、代りて和聖東(washington)に至り予に使 節をつとむへしと・・・」 しかしこれは上記の通りあくまでも遣米使節が万一の時の臨時代理を一月九日に命じられたもので、遣米使節(正使・副使・目付)そのものに任じられたわけではない。ここで任じられた臨時代理は上述のとおり 1 目付小栗忠順(ポウハタン号) 安政六年九月十三日任命 2 軍艦奉行木村喜毅(咸臨丸) 安政七年一月九日任命 3 勘定組頭森田岡太郎(ポウハタン号) 安政七年一月九日任命 と、1、2、3の順に代理役を決めておいたまでのこと。 ■ Yoshitake Kimura was not a deputy envoy to the U.S. Indeed, in Yoshitake Kimura's diary, "Hoshi Meriken Kiko (Journey to the U.S. to serve at the behest of the Shogun)," (in Bakumatsu Ishin Gaiko Shiryo Shusei Vol. 4), there is the following sentence, in which he is ordered to act as a deputy envoy: "The Elder council member of the Shogunate has ordered that, if the envoys are hindered by illness or disease, I shall go to Washington and serve as an envoy in their stead..." However, as mentioned above, this was only a temporary deputy ordered on January 31 (January 9 in Japanese calender), 1860 in the event that the envoys to the U.S. should encounter any problems, and was not assigned to the envoy (the official envoy, the deputy envoy or the censor) himself. The temporary deputies assigned to the U.S. envoys were as described above, and the deputies were assigned in the following order: 1, 2, and 3. 1. Tadamasa Oguri (on Powhatan), the censor, appointed on October 8 (September 31 in Japanese calender), 1859. 2. Yoshitake Kimura, Warship Magistrate (on Kanrin Maru), appointed on January 31 (January 9 in Japanese calender) 1860 3. Okataro Morita (on Powhatan), head of the accounting group, appointed on January 31 (January 9 in in Japanese calender), 1860 |
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◆咸臨丸の再格上げ復権が目的か ◆ Was it aimed at reinstatment of the Kanrin Maru? |
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上記の史実を踏まえず ◆ 「正使に万一の支障があった場合、代るべき副使を乗せるための船という名目で、その副使に軍艦奉行を当てることとした」(土井良三『軍艦奉行木村摂津守』) 「正使に病気や不測の事態が生じ…」(宗像善樹『咸臨丸の絆』) とあたかも木村喜毅一人が臨時代理役と思わせ、さらにその副使を乗せるための船が咸臨丸とするのは間違いである。 It is a mistake to ignore the above historical facts and state as follows: - It was decided that, in the event of any trouble with the official envoy, the warship magistrate should be assigned as the deputy envoy to replace the official envoy, and the Kanrin Maru would be used to carry the deputy envoy." ("Warship Magistrate Settsunokami Kimura" by Ryozo Doi). - In the event that the official envoy was sick or had some unforeseen circumstances..." ("Kanrin Maru no Kizuna" by Yoshiki Munakata) These texts make it seem as if Yoshitake Kimura was the only temporary deputy, and further state that the ship used to carry the deputy was the Kanrin Maru. このことについて一月九日の下知状では 「御使之面々御用中若病気等に而何も差支え候節者…」 と、「御使之面々…何(いずれ)も差し支え」つまり三使ともいずれも故障が生じた時の臨時代理であることを念押ししている。 In the directive letter of January 31 (January 9 in Japanese calender), 1860, it is stated as follows: "If any of the three envoys should become ill or otherwise become disabled while on duty..." As you can see here, they are reminded that they are temporary deputies only in case of failure of all three envoys. だから ・「正使に万一の支障…」(『軍艦奉行木村摂津守』)、 ・「正使に病気や不測の事態が生じ…」(宗像善樹『咸臨丸の絆』) とするのは言葉足らずの表現で、「使節に万一の…」、あるいは「正使・副使・目付に万一の…」とすべきであろう。 So, it is a poor choice of words to describe the following: - "In the event of any trouble with the official envoy..." ("Warship Magistrate Settsunokami Kimura") - "In the event that the official envoy was sick or had some unforeseen circumstances..." ("Kanrin Maru no Kizuna" by Yoshiki Munakata) Rather, they should be "In the event of any trouble with the envoys..." and "In the event that the official envoy, the deputy envoy, and the censor were sick ...". ・「正使」とだけしたのでは、ポウハタン号に乗っている副使(外国奉行)村垣淡路守範正や目付小栗忠順を無視したことになる。臨時代理だからといって軍艦奉行が外国奉行の副使(村垣淡路守範正)と目付(小栗忠順)を飛び越えて外交の前面に出ることはありえない。 それとも意図的に「正使に…」として、「正使の次は咸臨丸・木村喜毅」と読者にイメージさせ、戦前の咸臨丸神話が崩れた咸臨丸の再格上げを図っているのだろうか。 見過ごすことのできない表現である。 If the author had meant only "the official envoy," he would have ignored Awajinokami Norimasa Muragaki (foreign magistrate), the vice envoy, and Tadamasa Oguri, the censor, who were both on board the Powhatan. It is not possible for the warship magistrate to jump over the vice foreign envoy (Awajinokami Norimasa Muragaki) and the censor (Tadamasan Oguri) to the forefront of diplomacy just because he is a temporary deputy. Otherwise, did the author intentionally use the phrase "the official envoy" to make readers imagine that "Yoshitake Kimura on board the Kanrin Maru was the next in line to the official envoy" in an attempt to re-elevate the prewar myth of the Kanrin Maru, which had been destroyed? This is an expression that cannot be overlooked. |
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中公新書『軍艦奉行木村摂津守』の問題点 ①「副使は正使に支障があった場合のみの臨時代理役」、と副使の意味が矮小化され、正式に常任の遣米使節副使として任ぜられている外国奉行村垣淡路守範正の存在を無視、あるいは気づいていない。 ②咸臨丸派遣の目的がポウハタン号に乗っている遣米使節の護衛あるいは随行という名目と実質は航海練習であったのを、「副使が乗る船が咸臨丸」として格上げを図っている。そのことは同時にポウハタン号に正式な常任の副使(外国奉行)村垣淡路守範正が乗船していることを無視、あるいは気がつかない。 ③軍艦奉行木村喜毅が「遣米使節に任ぜられた」、と格上げを図っている。 遣米使節は正使・副使・目付の三名で、随行した団員たちの間では「三使」「三公」と呼ばれている。咸臨丸には「使節」は一人も乗っていない。 Problems with "Gunkan Bogyo Kimura Settsumori (Warship Magistrate Settsunokami Kimura)" published by Chuko Shinsho (1) The author trivializes the meaning of vice envoy by stating that a vicec envoy is a temporary deputy only in case of hindrance to the official envoy, and ignores or is unaware of the existence of Awajinokami Norimasa Muragaki, foreign magistrate, officially appointed as the vice envoy to the U.S. (2) The purpose of dispatching the Kanrin Maru was to escort or accompany the Japanese envoys to the U.S. on board the Powhatan, and in effect, it was a voyage practice. However, the author is trying to elevate the status of the Kanrim Maru as "the vessel on which the vice envoy would board." At the same time, the author ignores, or is unaware of, the fact that the officially-appointed vice envoy Awajinokami Norimasa Muragaki, foreign magistrate, was on board the Powhatan. (3) The author attempts to elevate the status of Yoshitake Kimura, warship magistrate, by saying that he was "appointed as an envoy to the U.S." The three envoys to the U.S. were the official envoy, the vice envoy, and the censor, and were referred to as the "three envoys" or "three lords" by the members of the delegation that accompanied them. There was no "envoy" on board the Kanrin Maru. |
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*もし木村喜毅がこの話を聴いたら「私は副使ではないのに後から勝手に格上げしないでほしい。私が職名を詐称しているようで恥ずかしい」と静かに呟くに違いない。木村喜毅はそういう人物、と解釈している。 *お願い:当方の調査不足があるかもしれない。もし、木村喜毅に副使を任命している公式史料があったら、ご教示いただきたい。その時は直ちにこのページを撤回し不明をお詫びします。 (2016平成28年8月) * If Yoshitake Kimura heard this story, I am sure, he would quietly say, "I was not a deputy envoy, so please don't upgrade me later without my knowledge. I am ashamed that I seem to be misrepresenting my position." I regard Yoshitake Kimura as such a sincere person. * Please note: There may be a lack of research on our part. If you find any official documents that appoint Yoshitake Kimura as a deputy envoy, please let us know, so that we will immediately retract this page and apologize for the lack of clarity. (August 28, 2016) |
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関連ページ ●遣米使節の旅 |
Related Pages ● The Jorney of the Delegation to the U.S. |
咸臨丸 ■遣米使節三船…咸臨丸ではない ■リーフレット『遣米使節三船』・・・教科書から咸臨丸をはずすため ■咸臨丸病の日本人…何でも勝海舟・咸臨丸を出さないと気がすまない日本人 ■修身の教科書が作りだした咸臨丸神話・・・国定教科書の〈歴史〉でなく〈修身〉教科書で教えた勝海舟・咸臨丸が始まり ■ブルック大尉:咸臨丸が沈まなかったのはブルックとジョン万次郎のおかげ ◇咸臨丸の冒険を成功させたブルック大尉(リンク)・・・ブルック大尉の「咸臨丸日記」を克明に記載。航海の実態がよく分かる。 ◇シーマンシップとは(リンク・PDF)…ブルック大尉が日本人に伝えたシーマンシップ ◇日米交流―ブルック―(リンク)…ブルック大尉の業績をていねいに紹介している。 遣米使節 ■遣米使節の行程:日本人初の世界一周の行程表 ■大統領の記念メダル:使節と従者全員に金・銀・銅のメダルが贈られた ■小栗忠順の通貨交渉:フィラデルフィアで「ノー」といって進めさせた通貨実験は ■世界一周をした名主・佐藤藤七:権田村名主が従者として世界一周 ■玉蟲左太夫:仙台藩士の見た世界は新鮮だった ■遣米使節小栗の従者:小栗忠順の従者9名 ■遣米使節従者・三好権三…島根の人だった ■遣米使節の業績・・・1本のネジくぎを持ち帰った小栗 ■日の丸を国旗に決めた遣米使節…船印だった日の丸を国印に決めた ■横須賀明細一覧図を読む…図から読み取れる産業革命の地横須賀は、遣米使節の成果 ■帆船模型作家・岡崎英幸さんに感謝状…おかげで「遣米使節3船」がそろいました ■トミーポルカ…アメリカで大人気となった少年通訳立石斧次郎の音楽 ■遣米使節とアメリカの酪農…初めてアイスクリームを食べた日本人 ■富岡製糸場は横須賀造船所の妹…突然変異でうまくいったのではない。歴史には継続性がある。遣米使節の成果がここに花開いている。 □大航海時代の駿府の家康公(リンク):田中勝介の太平洋横断 ■Bridge of Hope(english)…JEWL発行の本で小栗上野介の業績紹介 |
<Regarding Kanrin Maru> ■ Three ships for the Japanese mission to the U.S.: The USS Powhatan brought the mission to the U.S. by crossing the Pacific ocean and the Kanrin Maru was not used for the mission. ■ Leaflet in Japanese and English, "Three ships that carried the mission to the U.S. and around the world": We have made the leaflet to advocate removing the Kanrin Maru from school textbooks. ■ J Japanese people with the "Kanrin Maru disease":: A syndrome that they feel uncomfortable unless they mention the Kanrin Maru and Kaishu Katsu in every occasion. ■The Kanrin Maru myth created by Shushin textbooks:: The story of Kaishu Katsu and the Kanrin Maru was taught in "Shushin" of national textbooks, but not in their history books. ■ Captain John Mercer Brooke: The Kanrin Maru did not sink thanks to Brooke and John Manjiro. ◇ Captain John Mercer Brooke, who successfully completed the adventure of the "Kanrin Maru" (link)---Complete description of Captain Brooke's "Kanrin Maru Diary." It clearly presents the actual conditions of the voyage. ◇ What is seamanship (link PDF)...Seamanship that Captain Brooke passed on to the Japanese people. ◇ Japan-U.S. Exchange - Brooke (link)...A careful introduction to Captain Brook's accomplishments. <Regarding the Delegation to the U.S.> ■ Itinerary of the Japanese Mission to the United States: The Itinerary of the first Japanese to go around the world ■ President's medals: Gold, silver, and bronze medals were presented to the envoys and all the followers. ■ Tadamasa Oguri's Currency Negotiations: The currency experiments that made Oguri say "No" in Philadelphia. ■ Toshichi Sato, a village master who traveled around the world: Gonda village master traveled around the world as a follower of Kozukenosuke Tadamasa Oguri ■ Sadayu Tamamushi: The world that a Sendai clan samurai saw was fresh. ■ Oguri's Followers on the Mission to America: Nine Followers of Tadamasa Oguri ■ Miyoshi Gonzo, a follower of Tadamasa Oguri in the mission to the U.S..: He was from Shimane prefecture. ■ Achievements of the Japanese mission to the U.S..: Oguri brought back a screw nail. ■The Japanese envoys to the U.S. decided to use the Hinomaru as the national flag They chose the Hinomaru as the national flag of Japan, which was originally a ship's seal. ◇ Reading the "Detailed Drawing of Yokosuka"": Yokosuka with advanced facilities of modern industry was crowded with visitors. We can read from the drawing that Yokosuka was the place of the Industrial Revolution in Japan. ■ A letter of thanks to Mr. Hideyuki Okazaki, a model sailing ship artist: Thanks to him, we have three ships of the mission to the U.S. ■ Tommy Polka: Music of Onojiro Tateishi, a boy interpreter who became very popular in the U.S. ■ Mission to the U.S. and American Dairy Farming: The first Japanese to eat ice cream ◇Tomioka Silk Mill is a "sister" of Yokosuka Shipyard: It was not a mutation that worked. There is continuity in history. The accomplishments of the Japanese envoys to the United States are blossoming here. □ Lord Ieyasu of Sunpu in the Age of Discovery (link): Shosuke Tanaka's Trans-Pacific Crossing ■ Bridge of Hope(English) ... JEWL (Japanese Executive Women's League) in Los Angeles praises the achievements of Kozukenosuke Tadamasa Oguri in the book they have published. |