HP東善寺>小栗上野介 ● ● 西洋式軍隊訓練 |
French-style Training school for three types of soldiers (infantry, artillery, and cavalry) (Japan's first Western-style army) |
1867慶応三年、陸軍奉行小栗上野介は幕府の洋式陸軍を近代化し強化するため、フランス師軍事顧問団の指導を受けて三兵(歩兵・騎兵・砲兵)伝習(調練)を行なった。また「賦兵の制」を開始して、旗本たちが洋式軍事訓練を行なうことを勧めた。日本における徴兵制度の基本である。 |
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In 1867 (Keio 3), Army Magistrate Kozukenosuke Oguri conducted a training program for three types of soldiers (infantry, cavalry, and artillery) under the guidance of the French military advisers, to modernize and strengthen the Shogunate's Western-style army. He also initiated the "system of conscription," with which he encouraged bannermen to undergo Western-style military training. This was the basis of the conscription system in Japan. |
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▲太田陣屋・『ザ・ファー・イースト』より |
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■場所 はじめ・・・横浜、太田陣屋(現在の日の出町一丁目) |
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■ Location First: Ota Jinya (present-day Hinodecho 1-chome), Yokohama Later: Since Yokohama was geographically inconvenient and cramped, it was moved to Komabano, Edo (Komaba, Meguro-ku) in June, 1867 (Keio 3). |
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■軍事顧問団 15名 団長: シャノワンヌ Charles Sulpice Jules Chanoine (右上の写真) ■伝習は すべてフランス語で行なわれた。服装は当初まちまちであったが、ブリュネ大尉がやがて一定の服制を作った。両刀も伝習には邪魔であり、はずしてフランス式の軍刀にし、もとどりを切り靴をはく洋式軍装になった。 ■主な伝習生 沼間 守一……のちの民権運動家 |
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■ Military Advisory Group 15 members Leader: Charles Sulpice Jules Chanoine (1st photo) Members: Jules Brunet (2nd photo), Dubusquet, Meszloh, Descharmes, Marlin, Iglecq, Percel, Fortin, Guttig, Bonnet, Isard, Valette, Mermet, Bouffier ■ The lessons All lessons were conducted in French. In the beginning, the clothing was different, but Captain Brunet eventually established a uniform. The two swords were removed because they were a hindrance to the training, and replaced with French-style military swords. They also cut off motodori (hair for chonmage) and started to wear Western-style military attire with shoes. ■ Major trainees Morikazu Numa... a civil rights activist Ikunosuke Arai...... Director of the meteorological observatory Keisuke Otori... Army officer in Hakodate, former Shogunate deserter, later Privy Councillor Takashi Masuda...President of Mitsui & Co. ......There were 1,000 infantry, 650 artillery, and 350 cavalry. In addition to Mataichi Oguri, his vassal Ginjuro Sato and other young men from Gonda village also joined. |
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フランス式軍装 ⇒ 革靴も履いている 左から 小栗又一(高崎城内で斬首される) 大井磯十郎(権田村出身・上野介とともに斬首される) 佐藤銀十郎(権田村出身・小栗夫人を守って会津で戦死) ▲砲兵隊員たちの最初の行進 |
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▲The first march of the artillerymen At Edo, July 6, 1867 (Keio 3) | ▲French-style military uniform. They also wore leather shoes. Mataichi Oguri (beheaded in Takasaki Castle) Isojuro Oi (from Gonda village, beheaded with Kozukenosuke) Ginjuro Sato (from Gonda village, killed in Aizu while protecting Kozukenosuke's wife) |
伝習開始一年足らずの1868慶応四年一月、鳥羽伏見で薩長軍と幕府軍との間に戦端が開かれると、軍事顧問団はフランス本国からの命令にしたがって横浜に避難し、中立の立場を取ることになった。 |
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■ Faith in the students, "D'Artagnan of Japan" Brunet In January 1868, less than a year after the start of the course, war broke out between the Satsuma and Shogunate armies at Toba-Fushimi, and the military advisors were ordered by France to evacuate to Yokohama and take a neutral position. However, out of faith in his students, Brunet and nine other French comrades joined the former shogunate forces led by Takeaki Enomoto. Together with his former students, they fought for nine months in Sendai and Hakone, and just before the fall of Goryokaku, they were transferred to a French warship and returned home. |