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| 遣米使節での帰国後（1860万延元年）に 新聞発行を建議 福沢諭吉を発行責任者に推薦 |
After returning to Japan from the mission to the United States in 1860, the first year of the Man'en era, Kozukenosuke Oguri Proposed the publication of a newspaper Oguri recommended Yukichi Fukuzawa to be in charge of the publication. |
  ▲何でもメモする日本人 アメリカの新聞記事 挿絵▲ ▲Japanese people who take notes on everything, American newspaper articles with illustrations ▲ |
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『日本新聞発達史』によると 其の先覚者は内政上では小栗上野介外交上では池田筑後守である。両者共に幕臣であって、夙（つと）に海外に旅行して其利益を認め、将に瓦解せんとする幕府の頽勢（たいせい）を挽回せんとしたのは注目すべき値がある。長州藩を中心とする幕府転覆の一味が落書、張紙、チョボクレ等旧式の宣伝機関を利用して或は攘夷論を利用して或は復古論を宣伝して政変を企てたるに比し数等の達見であると云はねばならぬ。 慶応三年幕府倒るるに及んで小栗は之を慨嘆し、もし新聞あって公武の秘密、官民の内情暴露したならば事此処に及ばなかったらうと云ったと云ふ。」 |
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| According to "History of Japanese Newspaper Development" ◆ Immediately after his return to Japan from the tour to the U.S. and around the world, Oguri proposed the publication of newspapers. ◆ At the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Oguri said, "If there had been newspapers to expose the secrets of the government and the military, and the internal affairs of the public and private sectors, the Shogunate would not have fallen so easily." "In 1867, the third year of Keio, the Tokugawa shogunate finally gave up power, dividing the nation into two halves, east and west, and for the first time, newspapers in Japan entered an era of creativity rather than translation. However, it is important to note that before the collapse of the shogunate, there were politicians who recognized the benefits of newspapers and wanted to publish them." "The forerunners were Kozukenosuke Oguri in domestic affairs and Chikugonokami Ikeda in foreign affairs. Both of them were vassals of the Tokugawa Shogunate, and it is noteworthy that they traveled abroad and recognized the benefits of such travel in an attempt to recover from the decay of the Tokugawa Shogunate, which was on the verge of collapse. While the Choshu clan and others who were trying to overthrow the shogunate used old-fashioned propaganda tools such as graffiti, posters, and chobokure (street performer), or used the antiforeigner theory, or propagated the reactionism, Oguri and Ikeda were far more astute." "Oguri accompanied the shogunate's first foreign envoy, Buzennokami Niimi, to the United States, where he made a detailed inspection of the local newspapers and tried to establish a shogunate newspaper. After returning to Japan, he immediately proposed this idea to the shogunate in 1860, the first year of Men'en era. Oguri's plan was to have Yukichi Fukuzawa, a follower of Settsunokami Kimura who was the warship officer on the Kanrin Maru, publish the newspaper, but no one in the Shogunate would listen to him and the plan was never carried out." "After the fall of the shogunate in 1867, the third year of Keio, Oguri was deeply moved by the incident and said that, if the newspaper had exposed the secrets of the government and the military and the internal affairs of the public and private sectors, the matter would not have reached this point." ("History of Japanese Newspaper Development" by Hideo Ono, Satsuki Shobo, 1923 or Taisho 11, Osaka Mainichi Shimbun, 24p- Chapter 3, Section 1: Insightful View of Kozukenosuke Oguri and Chikugonokami Ikeda) |
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 ▲小栗忠順が新聞発行者に推薦した福沢諭吉 (Yukichi Fukuzawa whom Tadamasa Oguri recommended as the publisher of the newspaper) |
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| 〇 「年寄りどもは話せない」 新聞発行建議を却下された小栗はこう言って舌打ちした 『江戸から東京へ』によると 「万延元年(一八六〇)二月二十五日、新見豊前守、村垣淡路守、小栗豊後守の一行が、頭に丁髷ちょんまげをいただき、腰に大刀を横たえて、米国桑港サンフランシスコに上陸し、閏三月十八日に、再び桑港から抜錨するまで、ドック、工場、砲台、製鉄所を視察して帰るや、小栗豊後守は、米国で見てきた通りの新聞紙を、幕府から発行させようとした。しかし、蕃書調所（ばんしょしらべどころ）で、苦心してつくる抄訳新聞ですら、面倒がって眼を通さぬサボ役人の多い際であったから、小栗豊後守の説はいれられなかった。小栗はその時わずか二十余歳の青年であったが、 「年寄りどもは話せない」 といって、舌打ちした。」 〈以上 矢田挿雲『江戸から東京へ』中公文庫（６）・１２０p～ 元は報知新聞に矢田挿雲記者が大正９年～１２年ごろ連載 〉 【訂正】 ＊１ 二月二十五日 → 二月十三日着 ＊２ 閏三月十八日 → 三月十七日発 ＊３ 視察して帰るや →サンフランシスコから帰国したのは咸臨丸。遣米使節は咸臨丸には乗らず、米国軍艦で桑港～パナマ～ワシントン～ニューヨーク～アフリカ～インド洋～バタビア（ジャカルタ）～香港～日本、と地球一周をして帰国した。 ＊４ 二十余歳 → この時小栗は数え三十四歳 |
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| "There's no point in talking to a bunch of old people who don't have enough understanding of the proposal." Oguri clucked his tongue when his proposal to publish a newspaper was rejected. According to "From Edo to Tokyo," "On February 25, 1860, a delegation led by Buzennokami Niimi, Awajinokami Muragaki, and Bungonokami* Tadamasa Oguri landed in San Francisco in the United States, wearing topknots on their heads and large swords at their waists. They inspected docks, factories, gun batteries, and ironworks until they anchored out of San Francisco bay on leap March 18. On his return, Oguri attempted to have the Shogunate publish a newspaper as he had seen in the United States. However, the plan of Oguri was not accepted because there were many slack-officials who did not even bother to read the newspapers that were painstakingly translated by the Bansho Shirabedokoro (Institute for the Study of foreign Books). Oguri was a young man of just over 20 at the time. Oguri said, 'I can't talk to old people,' and clucked his tongue." * Note: At the time, Oguri was in charge of Bungo Province so that he was called 'Bungonokami' until 1863 when he became 'Kozukenosuke Tadamasa Oguri' in charge of Kozuke Province." (The above was written in "Edo kara Tokyo e," Chuko Bunko (6), 120p~. The article was originally serialized in the Hochi Shinbun newspaper from 1919 to 1923 by a reporter named Soun Yada.) In this article, there are a few phrases that should be correced as follows: * Note 1: February 25 → February 13 * Note 2: March 18 → March 17 * Note 3: It was the Kanrin Maru that returned to Japan directly from San Francisco. The Japanese mission to the U.S. circled the globe (from San Francisco Port to Panama, Washington DC, New York and then to Africa, the Indian Ocean, Batavia or Jakarta and Hong Kong) before returning Japan. * Note 4: over twenty years old → thirty-four years old (Oguri was born in 1827.) |
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| ＊注 筆者矢田挿雲は上記に続けて小栗上野介の英才ぶりを下記のように書くが、かなり見当違いな文章や、殺した明治政府側の「小栗逆賊観」を反映したと思われる文章が見られるので、要注意。参考までに以下に引用する。 「これがまた非常な英物で、米国へ上陸の即日、金銀量目の比較に注意し、先方の接伴員が、富士山のこと、サクラのことを聞きたがるのには、ろくに取合わず、こっちからもっぱら幣制上の質問を発し、帰朝の後、小判の位を昇せて三倍以上の価格とした。この点を同船の勘定役すらも、気づかなかったくらいだから、とても新聞紙の発行に賛成するはずがない。 小栗はこのような図抜けた卓見と、無遠慮な建言のために、絶えず上司から忌まれ、一生のうちに面黜せらるること、七十余回は烈しいが、七十余回面黜されたのだから、いずれまた七十余回用いられたに相違ない。最後には慶喜公の裾をつかまえて、開戦論を主張したので、直語免職というのをくった。 |
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| Note: The author, Soun Yada, continues to write about the genius of Oguri in the following paragraphs, but when we look at them now, we can see that some of the sentences are quite misleading and seem to reflect the Meiji government's "view of Oguri as a renegade. For your reference, though, here are some more of his writing. "He was also such a sharp person that, on the day he landed in the U.S., he did not take kindly to his host's questions about Mount Fuji or cherry blossoms, but paid attention to the comparison of the weights of gold and silver, and asked questions about the currency system. As a result, after his return, he raised the rank of koban to more than three times the price. Even the ship's accountant was unaware of this point, so there was no way they would agree to publish a newspaper." "Oguri was constantly shunned by his superiors for his outspokenness and insolence. He was dismissed more than 70 times in his life. More than seventy times is intense, but since he was dismissed more than seventy times, he must have been promoted more than seventy times again. In the end, he grabbed the hem of Prince Keiki and insisted on starting a war, so he was exempted directly by the Shogun." During the more than 260 years of the Tokugawa shogunate, thousands of people were dismissed, but Tadamasa Oguri was the only one to be dismissed by the shogun's direct order. However, he was determined to revive the Tokugawa Shogunate, and returned to Takasaki, Joshu (present Gunma Prefecture), where he raised an army of soldiers. In April of the first year of the Meiji Era, he was summoned by the government forces and as soon as he appeared alone and dignified, he was beheaded. His new knowledge from the U.S. and other countries, which regrettably did not catch on with many, came to an untimely end, but he is one of the most unforgettable figures in our newspaper society. |
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| 関連ページ ◆幕末・維新とメディア事情それに小栗忠順(リンク) ・２も (リンク) ◇「土蔵付売り据え」横須賀造船所は売家につける土蔵…小栗上野介の言葉 ◇横須賀製鉄所 三つの特徴…この特徴から日本産業革命の地であることがわかる ◇レンガのページ：やっと入手できた、横須賀で作られたレンガ ◇森林保護育成の提唱：造船には多量の木材が必要だから・・・ ◇技師長フランソワ・レオンス・ヴェルニー：横須賀市のページ（リンク） ◇横須賀明細一覧図を読む：近代工業の先端設備をそろえ、多くの見物客でにぎわった ◇いまの横須賀造船所「日米親善ベース歴史ツアー」（リンク） ◇勝海舟の「海軍５００年説」は：「海舟日記」の信憑性ゆらぐ ◇東郷元帥の謝辞：日本海海戦の勝利は小栗さんのおかげ・・・ ◇幕末の構造改革：ネジをお土産にした小栗上野介 ◇横須賀造船所の借款説：約定書の読み違いで濡れ衣 ◇小栗の濡れ衣・四国・蝦夷を担保にした：幕末世情混乱の中の根無し草 ◇「横須賀製鉄所物語」（リンク） ◇ オランダ製スチームハンマー（リンク） ◇最新空母と幕末のドック：旧横須賀造船所見学ツアー ◇富岡製糸工場：技術のわくわく探検記(リンク) ◇小栗上野介の言葉「幕府の運命、日本の運命」 |
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| <Related pages> ◆ The End of the Edo Period and the Meiji Restoration, the Media Situation, and Tadanobu Oguri (link) ・２ (link) ◇ "Property to be sold with a storehouse attched" The Yokosuka Shipyard is a storehouse attached to a house for sale... The words of Kozukenosuke Oguri ◇ Yokosuka Ironworks: Three Features… These features show that Yokosuka is the site of Japan's industrial revolution. ◇ The bricks of Yokosuka Shipyard: Bricks made in Yokosuka, which we could finally get. ◇ Advocacy of forest protection and cultivation： Shipbuilding requires a lot of wood... ◇ Chief Engineer Francois-Leonce Verney： Yokosuka City Website (link) ◇ Reading the "Detailed Drawing of Yokosuka""： Yokosuka with advanced facilities of modern industry was crowded with visitors. ◇ Yokosuka Shipyard "Japan-U.S. Friendship Base History Tour" (link) ◇ Kaishu Katsu's "500 Year Navy Theory"： The authenticity of "Kaishu's Diary" wavers. ◇ General Togo's Acknowledgement： Victory in the Battle of the Sea of Japan was thanks to Mr. Oguri... ◇ Structural reforms at the end of the Edo period：Kozukenosuke Oguri brought a screw as a souvenir. ◇ The theory that the Yokosuka ironworks were built with borrowed money : It was wrongly alleged by a writer who misread the historical materials. ◇ Falsely accued Oguri - he used Shikoku and Ezo as collateral：A baseless theory in the turmoil of the late Edo period ◇ The Story of Yokosuka Ironworks (link) ◇ Dutch Steam Hammer (link) ◇ Latest Aircraft Carriers and Docks at the End of Edo Period： Tour of the former Yokosuka Shipyard ◇ Tomioka Silk Mill：Exciting Exploration of Technology (link) ◇ "The fate of the Shogunate, the fate of Japan" by Kozukenosuke Oguri |
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